Pages like YouTube and YouTube Music are blocked on my work notebook, but you can have the page displayed in translation using Google Translate, but it sometimes doesn't work so well for me…
Is there a kind of emulator in the browser with which you can open all pages normally without downloading special programs?
Try the anonymous view via https://www.startpage.com/de/. 😉
You can find this in the displayed search results. The pages are then loaded via a different URL through a VPN / proxy. It may therefore be that this solves your "problem".
Browser in the browser?!
Even if there's something like that, it can only open the pages that the normal browser gets.
The filtering does not happen in the browser, but in the company network (router or firewall).