So is it worth paying more for the better quality or would I not even notice it?
You can't see 4k on an FHD screen, should actually be logical -> So it's not worth it.
Between normal HD and Ultra HD, yes. Normal HD is 720p, but the laptop has 1080. Uktrahd is then scaled down to fullhd, which looks better. The other way around, if it's already fullhd anyway, you won't notice any difference. The only thing where scaling down has an effect is that it incorporates anti-aliasing, but that is only relevant for gaming, if at all
Yes, but it is minimal. Wouldn't pay extra for it.