Wi-Fi limited although connected?

After a long time and a new charging cable, I started my laptop, and through many unnecessary apps I reset it to the factory settings. Everything fresh I wanted to download a few things but my Wi-Fi is limited, I'm connected but I can't access it. I've tried everything possible, googled etc. But nothing has helped so far. By the way, I have Windows 8

No, your Wi-Fi is not limited.
You just don't have access to the internet with the device.
You have to approach the router's admin to adjust the permissions.

Thanks, and how do I do that exactly?

You know the admin of your router - not me.
Otherwise: use your mouth.

What exactly is a sdmin in that regard? My father once gave me an internet block but we have had a new router for a long time, could that be the reason? And he passed away so I don't have any access data either

The question is "who" not "what"!

I'm sorry if your father has passed away - my condolences - but if no one is there to administer the router, then you should speak to your current guardian.
Leaving a router to its own devices is never a good idea.