I want to build a solar lamp from old batteries (4x AA 1.5 volts or an old notebook battery), an LED lamp and a solar cell.
Here I found solar cells for charging the battery: https://www.ebay.de/...arzelle+5w
Can I simply connect the solar cell to the battery for charging, or do I need any electronics for this?
You still need the right charging electronics for the respective battery type
Maybe another generator that is even available if the solar cell does not have it!
Yes, that too
What is "the battery" for you? A notebook battery consists of several lithium cells… And you still have single 1.5 (?) V cells…
How do you want to combine this?
With the lithium cells you need a charge controller, the 4x AA cells also need a charge circuit…
Without them, in the worst case, you will start a fire…
No. However, the solar cell should not deliver more voltage than the batteries can. So 1.5 volts. You can also use 2 volts. But otherwise it flies around your ears.