Can I leave my notebook in the laptop bag in the car for several hours (more than five hours) at the current temperatures, but also soon in summer (maybe 60 ° C)?
And if so, does the location matter, so would it be better to put the laptop in the trunk instead of the back seat?
No problem at the current temperatures. I wouldn't do it in the summer. The battery doesn't find that funny at all.
I would just take the bag with me. Otherwise under the seats, so that little sunlight can affect the bag.
However, this is usually not good for the laptop…
In the summer I wouldn't do it and if only then in (what is that called again?) Hand luggage or in the compartment with the passenger.
And what if I remove the battery?
Then that's no problem.
Well, a laptop itself gets so hot when in use (sometimes over 60 °) … If it's switched off, it should probably not be a problem. If possible, it is best to remove the battery (wrap it up if necessary) and place it under one of the front seats or in the footwell. This would protect the battery from direct sunlight. On the other hand, cold is not a problem as long as no condensation forms on the laptop.