What do I do if my fps in minecraft are very low?

I got a new PC (it's my first) and downloaded the Minecraft launcher normally, but I usually only have 15 fps. I've also uninstalled it 4 times, but didn't change anything. I play without optifine (because I'm not familiar with it). I always had +50 fps on my old laptops. But I don't necessarily want to set my render distance down (mostly to 12 but sometimes to 7). Can someone help me there?

What is built into the PC