I need for my laptop a new such "cable" but have no idea what it means and on the Internet (because of the name I do not know) found nothing. The cable has my hard drive connected to the laptop. It's not a SATA cable, but what's on the pictures.
That is very well SATA: https://www.newmodeus.com/shop/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=481
But I think you need one specifically for your laptop, such cables from different laptops might not be compatible.
This is a SATA cable with ribbon. But they have no compelling norm, so you have to look in the maintenance manual (search the Internet) to see what part number has that, if it is not on the cable.
These cables are not standard so you will most likely be able to order it from the laptop manufacturer or a specialized spare part (https://www.ipc-computer.de/).
But to find that part you will need the brand and serial number.
And maybe even the exact type because the laptops in a series can indeed differ from each other.