Indesign file created in CMYK, when sending the exported file do the colors change significantly?

I didn't quite know how to formulate the question, so I'll make it brief again.

So I created something in Illustrator and copied it in indesign. This file is created in CMYK.

I have to export this file as a JPG, because I can simply print it out as a photo at dm. When exporting the jpg I could decide again whether I want to export the file as RGB or cmyk. I of course use cmyk for the expression. So far so good.

When I send the pictures to my cell phone, the colors are very different. I don't know if that makes sense, but is it maybe because my phone just can't display the actual colors? On my laptop they are like in my indesign file.

What can be the reason? Or do I have a mistake here? Will the printed file look like it does on my laptop?

The eternal suffering of color spaces.
They look completely different on different output devices, or on paper.

And you can easily make that clear to yourself. Open your creation on the PC and then turn something on the monitor settings, brightness, contrast, colors. You will see that all of this naturally has an effect on your image.

There are true color monitors, but they are quite expensive (2k euro and up).

What you can do is print it out on a trial basis and thus approximate the desired colors. Because there are also differences from printer to printer.

Completely normal thing!

The display of colors varies from device to device. You actually make a science out of it!

You can get a first look if you google "ICC-Color Profil". (But that is already a professional / commercial area)

You want to have the file printed as a "photo" at dm - I wouldn't work in the CMYK color space… Why? This is for photo printing by laypeople - ToGo… This means that the devices are guaranteed to specialize in RGB / sRGB and will deliver the best results if you work in the RGB color space. This is probably the best match between the monitor image and the printout.

In contrast to what is displayed on the monitor, CMYK is a completely different color mixing system - without calibration or at least a print profile it will be rather ugly. Can work… But I wouldn't.

Have the original file changed to RGB (or sRGB) - adjust it again if necessary. Export the image in JPG without compression… And then click to print.