What can I deduct from tax as a student?

I heard from a friend that you can deduct a laptop you have bought as a student from tax (tax return). The whole time I thought that I can't do that because I don't work and so I don't pay taxes. That's why I never considered that.

My questions

What else can I get settled? Student ticket? Clothes? Electronics?
Is it advisable to consult a tax advisor?

I'm going to assume that I have to keep the receipts etc., right? Since I no longer have my student ticket…

If you don't pay taxes, you won't be able to deduct anything.

I heard from a friend that you can deduct a laptop you have bought as a student from tax (tax return).

Aha.

The whole time I thought that I can't do that because I don't work and so I don't pay taxes.

That's how it is (at least in the first degree). That takes care of the rest of your questions.

Have you ever heard of loss carryforward?

The expenses for a first degree are only deductible as special expenses.

A loss carryforward can only arise in the case of a further degree, because it then concerns anticipated advertising expenses.

If you don't pay taxes, you can't deduct anything from it. Would you have thought correctly?

Well, but how does a first degree differ from a second degree? Still have losses.

Read:

https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/urteil-ausbildung-101.html

https://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2020/bvg20-002.html

Tell that to the ladies and gentlemen in the red robes.

In the case of the first degree, the legislature (confirmed by the BVerfG) assumes that this is to be assessed differently in terms of income tax law, since the degree does not primarily serve the later money acquisition, but the general development. And therefore the expenses or losses made there can't be carried forward.