I'm looking for a long time a way to be able to zoom in on my laptop touchpad on Linux (Ubuntu 19.04) properly.
Sure, with eg libinput-gestures I can set a pinch in and out gesture for Ctrl + Plus & Ctrl + Minus, but of course it only zooms one step, just like pressing Ctrl + Plus or Minus.
But I would like something "dynamic", so where the zooming of the finger movement follows, as it goes for example under macOS (who does not know this: just like when you zoom on the phone with 2 fingers).
Is that synonymous with Linux somehow?
What you are describing here is not an operating system thing. This is a feature that must support the software you use. The problem is not Linux, the problem is the software you use.
The question is how do I set it up / what I have to install after that for this to work.
Again, your software has to support that. If you use a PDF reader, the tool does not let you zoom in on the touchpad and you do not find an option to enable it in the settings, the PDF reader does not support touch gestures. And that's exactly what it looks like with every other piece of software that you use under Linux or even under Windows and MacOS.
Achso, sry, I got you wrong.
Actually, I just tried it in Firefox when I hold down Ctrl and then it scrolls just as much as I want. Thank you so much!
Do you happen to know how to best set this as a touchpad gesture? Because Ctrl + scroll up / down I can't stop at libinput-gestures.
Unfortunately, I can't really help you with that. There used to be a Firefox add-on that adds touch gestures to Firefox, but that was lost in the update to Firefox Quantum. Unfortunately, I do not know how to do that.