Can one change the operating system or the Brauser to get back security, but how?
You will no longer get a current browser for WinXP.
Security is never again for such a system. It should not be taken online for productive use.
That depends on the laptop. If there are drivers for the old laptop and a modern operating system, you can install another OS.
The problem will be the old and much too slow hardware and too little memory. So everything will be very tough.
With the operating system Cloudready you can turn it into a Chromebook for free. Here is the download: https://davrt8itj6cgg.cloudfront.net/cloudready-free-72.4.25-32-bit/cloudready-free-72.4.25-32-bit.zip
Unzip the zip and then use this tool to flash https://www.balena.io/...io/etcher/ onto a USB stick with at least 8GB.
Then boot the stick in the Sony laptop. The installer offers the possibility to delete the hard disk. When the installation is complete, the system restarts. Then simply sign in with the Google Account. In the settings in the section Plugins you can install Flash, Codecs and Widevine with just one click. Restart and your Chromebook is ready.
All updates are fully automatic in the background. The voice controls OK Google and Google Cloud Print also work. Cloudready does not use Google Chrome, but the open source variant Chromium.