As a student in Austria, do I have the right to a laptop?

Because of the current situation

No, not automatically.

But for students who are proven unable to afford their own laptop, parents' associations or private foundations usually help.

So talk to your school about whether you can get support.

But to be honest: how have you been attending class over the past few months?

With my notebook but thanks to teams it now hangs constantly

I just asked that too.

Then you should ask someone who is familiar with something like that whether you can bring your laptop back on demand. And sometimes uncluttering data is always a good start.

The laptops available from parent associations are seldom new. So you wouldn't get anything newer than what you already have.

No.

However, there are various support offers from the state and partly also from the schools. You could ask.

Perhaps the IT teacher at your school could help you get your current computer faster. Usually a few little tricks will help.