I noticed that I had a lot of information (contacts, pictures, videos, music, social media accounts, etc.) saved on my smartphone.
How can I save all this data, for example on a laptop, so that if my smartphone is stolen or broken, I still have the information?
I assume that it is not an Apple device:
Pictures, videos, files → Connect the mobile phone to the laptop with a USB cable, simply copy the folder in the directory of the mobile phone.
Accounts / Passwords: Use a password manager or browser with autocompletion on both mobile phones and laptops → synchronizes automatically
Contacts: e.g. Microsoft's Your Mobile App / System should help, do a little Google research for this.
With this, all data that accrues should be backed up.
You can upload pictures, videos and music to Google Drive / Dropbox / OneDrive etc. Then you download it to the computer. Or with a USB cable.
If you log in to a browser (e.g. Chrome), you can use the synchronization function for your account and password.
Contacts:
You can back up Android contacts via Google.
Go to Settings> Accounts (or Accounts & Sync)
Open your "Google" account and make sure "Contacts" is checked. If you have not yet set up a Google account on your smartphone, you can do so using the "Add account" function.
The data is then automatically synchronized.
You can transfer contacts from iPhone with iCloud / iTunes: https://www.syncios.de/how-to-backup-iphone-contacts.html#part2