Are there any cheaper options for graphics adapters except to connect the adapter with the PCIE express with my laptop?
Via USB-C, as far as available
Cheap there's nothing. Laptops are not designed to connect a graphics card externally. Therefore it is either a solution or 200 euro + graphics card.
Since you are almost better off if you either buy a new laptop or a regular PC.
I have a laptop with a 1050 4gb and an i5 7300m