So I set the view distance to 2 chunks and it was still there, no matter whether on servers or on single player worlds. What else can I do so that it is less as long as I don't buy a new laptop?
Do you know how much gigabyte ram your laptop has?
The best thing to do is try out a low texture pack for weak computers and, if not, try a new one
Install Optifine
Set graphics from Fancy to Fast
Do not use mods (except Optifine)
Do not use clients (such as Labymod, BAC,.)
Allocate more RAM
How many FPS do you have? I have a laptop from 2011 and I still have ~ 40 FPS in the latest versions. The fact that it is still within 2 chunks of sight is extremely strange, maybe the RAM is just full.
At best:
Particles on minimal
Graphics on fast
Smooth transitions to medium
FPS on 50 caps
Clouds on off
Keep away from Redstone buildings
Under no circumstances use mods, shaders, strong texture packages (maximum 32x32)
A couple of options are:
Install Optifine
Install BetterFPS
Raise RAM a little in the launcher
Use AdoptOpenJDK with OpenJ9 (helped me)
Particles on off or minimal
End all background processes that are not essential
Install Gnu / Linux