Is there a way to read errors from a notebook without using the notebook, e.g. With a program on another PC?
No, but depending on the problem, you can guess what the defect is, but opening the device is necessary to carry out tests and to fix the error.
And how can you run tests and fix errors when you open the device
E.g. If the keyboard is defective, then you have to look at where it is connected, in the case of slight liquid damage you can clean it.
Depending on the defect, different actions are taken.
With business / professional notebooks there are some manufacturers who still allow a "currentless" hardware test. In the past, the PCMCIA interface was used for this purpose. I only know the testers from the 2000s
So my notebook is from 2008, does that mean that it has a PCMCIA interface?
At that time repairs were still taking place or the repair was planned
Which notebook do you have?
Yes unfortunately people like to glue nowadays.
Acer Aspire 8730G
For me, the defect black screen doesn't matter what you do
That explains your question…
Does your notebook turn on? Does the fan spin when switched on? Are any buttons blinking?
So when you press the start button, the LEDs and the cooler turn on as usual, only the screen remains black
Then the display, control board or cable is defective.
So it can't be display because nothing is displayed on an external monitor