Can I connect the Rode NT1-A directly to the laptop?
No. You need a good audio interface
No, you need an audio interface with phantom power. USB microphones such as e.g. The NT-USB or Podcaster.
No, because it has an XLR connector and requires phantom power. An interface is necessary, e.g. Steinberg UR-22 MK2 or Focusrite Scarlett.
In fact, you only need phantom power. That would be enough. Or in the form of a standalone microphone preamplifier. However, that would not be recommended. The A / D conversion via the sound card is simply not good and has a high latency.
So an audio interface from at least 85 euro is recommended. Namely one that is not from Behringer. Of course, audio interfaces are also installed in many mixing consoles. However, a Yamaha AG03 or better is recommended.