I do not have windows anymore?

Brief description of the situation:

I had an update on my laptop. Of course, I wanted to install this, but then the PC hanged itself in a kind of endless loop (PC was not started correctly., Restart? -> Restart -> PC was not started correctly., Restart? -> etc.). Since my family and I quickly found no other solution, we reset the laptop, because I did not have such important data anyway. When we started the laptop again, we noticed that all things related to Windows (Microsoft Edge, for example) were gone. Also, I can't personalize the laptop now, go to the bottom right of this 'News Center' or go back to the Windows menu (even if I press on the Windows key on the keyboard).

I really need help. Every answer is very welcome here.

Create Windows installation media via "Media Creation Tool" and then reinstall Windows.

Windows updates on Win 10 cause problems.
since you have reset your laptop, so is the "old" Windows version on it. Install all available updates and reboot manually if necessary.

Thank you! I'm so thankful to you. I thought I was screwing it up.

Reset is by far the stupidest Microsoft invention.

It does not work, does not solve any problems and even creates ones where there were none before.

Guys, that never works! Therefore, stop the nonsense.

Here is my tip. Get someone to use live CD (I use Linux Knoppix) to get access to your hard drives while booting up your computer. The system on the Live CD gives you access to everything your pc has to offer, from the Internet to the hard drive.
Make it a Windows 10 DVD (or a usb stick, may be faster) and delete with the live cd hard drives thoroughly!

The reason is the following:

Even if you delete the hard drive with Windows 10 in any way, Windows still leaves certain information on the disks. Since you do not know if the current error lies in the fact that it contains incorrect information that is affecting your current operating system, you should use the Live CD to format all hard disks into the so - called RAW format (ie a hard disk WITHOUT file system) and then into the NTFS system using Windows 10.

So you make sure that nothing old is taken over.

After a reinstallation of your system then everything should be available again.