Why did not W10 install on the laptop?

The disk configuration came with the error message that an MBR table is included on disk, you need a GPT table in EFI systems.

So, back to GParted Live, created a GPT table. Again an error message in the setup, there's a GPT table available.

Back again and again created an MBR table. Now I have just ejected the CD in the error message and then reinserted and now the error message is gone and Windows in the installation.

what happened there? It is an MBR table with NTFS file system.

Is the laptop a HP with amd processor?

Yes.

There was a series that had a "bug" in this combination.

If you put e.g. A CD / DVD in the internal drive, this was correctly recognized and read. If the drive was not used for a short time, the komp. Unit from the system. The drive then disappears from the WINDOWS 10 interface and can no longer be used.
If you now open the drawer and close it again, a "Request" will be generated and the drive will work again (short term).

Thanks, strange mistake. Where the error is slightly different for me. Maybe a similar bug.

But I have often read that manufacturers should always make mistakes on AMD laptop's, for whatever reason.