However, connect to my smartphone and then make a hotspot, I have internet and it loads quickly.
So there should be a defect in the router. 🤔
The other thing is that every other device in the household can easily access the WLAN via the router.
I do not understand it. But I'm also not an expert.
This is not necessarily a "router defect", maybe your profile is just blocked. Ask the admin.
How & where do I do it? (win 10)
Either parental controls, or possibly an IP conflict.
In other words, two devices have the same IP.
I don't know your router. At home network / network you can see your connection and when you edit it you can change your access profile.
Try restarting the router, restarting the laptop and installing all current Windows updates / drivers. If that doesn't help, run Troubleshoot Windows.
So the laptop must have a different IP than the router itself or how
Router and laptop have a different IP anyway.
I don't know how many devices you have in your Wi-Fi, but there's a possibility that other devices have the same IP as the laptop from the DHCP server.
Correct, restart the router and the laptop with such problems.
If it still doesn't work and other devices get internet access via the router, it is most likely due to your laptop itself. The Wi-Fi profile in Windows 10 could be somewhat unstable.
My proposition:
Delete the Wi-Fi profile on your laptop. Then set up the Wi-Fi connection on the laptop again (you need the Wi-Fi key that you hopefully know).
How to do it (explained for Windows 10 at the bottom of this page):
(Important, press the button "do not save")
Did it, but unfortunately it didn't work.
Do you have a Telekom router ZyXEL Speedlink 5501? If so, it has a problem in the DHCP server, the router then needs a firmware update. Here I explained it once:
If you don't go there the 5501, unfortunately I can't help you anymore. As I said, if you do not name your device model, you can't really help. Then have to google it myself.
My suspicion is also that there's something wrong with the DNS server or gateway in your IPv4 configuration. You can call the command prompt (cmd) and use the ipconfig / all command to see what is entered as the gateway and DNS server. It should typically be a 192.168? 1 IP address.