I set up a new laptop and didn't know what to do with it
If everything works on the laptop then the best thing to do is simply not to change anything. You can set something wrong very quickly and thereby possibly break something.
BIOS is the abbreviation for "basic input / output system", ie a basic input-output system.
These are programs that run after switching on and can see what hardware is in the computer and can also use some parts of it. Since these are only small programs (because there's little memory for them), the BIOS can't do very much. It can find the keyboard and hard drives, use the keyboard, and read some data from the hard drives.
That is enough to fetch programs from the hard disk into the RAM and execute them.
These are then programs of an operating system such as Linux or Windows.
That should be enough for an overview.