You can read my problem in the question.
What I did last: I have my Fritz! Box 7590 to the latest system version Fritz! OS 7.20 updated, since then the problem exists. So I no longer use the Wi-Fi encryption WPA / WPA2, but WPA2 / WPA3. My guess now is that the printer only supports the, apparently outdated, WPA.
Does anyone have any other ideas on how to get the Wi-Fi connection back or does it really only work if I switch back to WPA / WPA2 and stop doing WPA3 (for now)? Alternatively, I just hang up the USB cable and always hang up my laptop briefly when I have something to print. I've already tried that works so well.
Thank you in advance for hopefully helpful and usable answers.
It looks like (according to technical data only WEP and WPA) as if the printer does not actually support WPA2.
If the printer has a LAN connection, I would finish plugging the printer into the router using a LAN cable (it is faster, more secure and more stable). It can then still be reached via Wi-Fi (via your FritzBox Wi-Fi network) and can therefore be used by any network participant.
If the LAN cable does not work for structural reasons, you could configure a WLAN repeater with a LAN connection as an IP client and then plug it into the printer's LAN connection. A WLAN repeater configured as an IP client behaves like a WLAN adapter (= conversion from WLAN to LAN). It is an operating mode that is often supported by repeaters.
But I would fundamentally not, if possible, hang printers in the network via WLAN, it is much better via LAN.
A LAN cable from an old computer would even be lying around ready, but unfortunately the stupid thing doesn't have a LAN port, otherwise I would have made it wired instead of wireless from the start. Therefore, as I said, the best solution for me is to simply always connect the printer to the laptop via USB, only when it is needed.
Have the same problem with an Officejet 6600, but before that I had the encryption on WPA2 (without WEP). When I switched to WPA2 / WPA3, my HP printer also left the network. HP does not want to jump on the subject yet:
https://h30434.www3.hp.com/t5/HP-Connected-Mobile-Printing-and-Cloud-Printing/Officejet-6600e-no-W-Lan-Connection-when-security-is-set-to/td-p/7692715/page/2
So my printer supports WPA2, but no longer works in a mixed WPA2 / WPA3 environment on the Fritz Box…
I think you should step on HP's feet, only they will be able to solve the problem…