Is my data in danger on my laptop when it shuts itself down?

I have an HP laptop with Windows 10. If I do not charge it, it will shut itself down someday. Since I wanted to ask, is there a protection mechanism installed which ensures that the laptop shuts down early, so that no data will be deleted? And that he closes everything before? Or does he just drive down? By that I mean saved Word documents, Excel documents. Photos and videos. Do you have to be afraid for your data?

The laptop often drives itself down when the battery is running low, so your possibly not saved things are not lost.

No, that should not happen, that's with me as well from time to time too!

Files without backup are not important data.

The danger here is not particularly big for your data, nevertheless, eg from now on the hard disk can give up the spirit. So backup data

The device goes to sleep and can be woken up again. All open files are there again.

Another is when Windows is forced to update. This is a reboot and then everything would be gone.

So I also have a lot of important data for which there's no backup.

I'm warned when the battery is almost empty (Linux). I can't say what MS Office is like, but LibreOffice stores regularly and can be restored, e.g. After a crash. I think Word could do that, too. However, you should not rely on the fact that after everything is perfect again, but save your document from the beginning and always in between (Ctrl + S). A crash can always be. When the battery is exhausted, the best laptop can't do anything but shut down and if you have not saved your documents regularly, you can't assume that nothing is lost. If your laptop goes to sleep while the battery is low, you may have a greater chance that your stuff is not completely gone.

Not necessarily.

If the battery has become too old / bad, then the system can't correctly estimate the state, and the juice is already in front of the security mechanism (= idle state) off.

That's right

Then they are not important