If someone uses my laptop (Windows) and pulls a PDF onto their USB stick, can I track what happened to my file afterwards? So can I see if it was put on a USB?
No, you can't in the standard. You have to activate separately. I can't say now whether it is on the client device. On the server side something like this would be possible: https://www.server-eye.de/blog/verzeichniszugriffe-ueberwachen/
Not without special security locks and then access is only prevented.
No, the information is not saved. However, you can read out and restore older files that have been saved and deleted on the USB stick with certain programs.
