Have a hard drive error. What should I do?

I've already backed up the data to an external hard drive. And now? Is the whole laptop broken now? Should I have the hard drive replaced or buy a brand new laptop?

You can also swap the hard drive is certainly cheaper

If your laptop is still fast enough, just replace the hard drive. Otherwise, buy better new.

Arrives on the laptop.

For part of 2001, I would certainly swap the entire laptop.
If the laptop itself is still good and you do not need more power then I would swap the hard drive. Maybe even against an SSD.
Does not bring more performance in games, but makes working on the laptop much more pleasant.

What is an SSD?

An electric hard drive that works much faster than a conventional mechanical hard drive.

Do you happen to know what that costs?

There are small with 250GB from 18 euro, but I advise at least 500GB for about 30 euro

A USB stick, so to speak, only installed in the laptop. Roughly speaking.

It is purely electrical storage and you do not have a spinning disk like in an HDD. An HDD, or the conventional hard drive is pretty roughly a CD player. A read head reads out the data and these can be scattered across the entire hard disk.

Due to the mechanical movement the HDD needs a much longer access time to your data than an SSD. This makes the entire operation much smoother.

Is not the electrical disk somehow more sensitive?

There are SSDs that last longer than HDDs and HDDs last longer than the SSD, so it's a bit of a coincidence. With an SSD, it is rather the write cycles that you can't reach as a normal user so fast.

My SSD in my notebook has been in it for quite some time and was already in my PC and it works like the first day. In the same period, but I've already hoarded 2 HDDs.

What I can say anyway, an SSD is much less sensitive to shocks and movement. And such a laptop is actually there to move it.