That it downloads a new version or so and all the pictures go missing?
I have a laptop there with the Linux operating system, I do not know how to pull my data from the iphone to a hard drive…
Without SIM it is not online and you would not have data loss.
No. Turn on the phone, download Dropbox and pack all the pictures on it. Then you can smoothly run your pictures from your PC or any other device.
Your iPhone will not just update itself from nothing. And even if it did, your pictures would not be gone, they would still be there.
Hm I also do not know the password for my Apple ID anymore when I now put a new Apple ID on my pictures deleted?
No. If the images on the phone are on it (and not in the iCloud), then they should be there when you create a new Apple ID.