My laptop has apparently caught a bad virus. My camera and speakers keep going on.
Now my question: is it enough if I reset my Windows 10 via the settings (remove all data from all hard drives) or rather format it?
The safest method is always to perform a clean reinstallation using a Windows setup disk created using the Media Creation Tool.
I also do this with completely new PCs in order to get rid of all the bloateware from the PC manufacturer.
You can only format drives / volumes - no operating systems or hard drives. It is important to note this difference!
If the laptop only "apparently" caught a virus, the first thing to do is to determine whether this is actually true - otherwise you are doing a lot of work for nothing.
(I think there's no need to ask about a backup - otherwise you would not have asked!)