What software must be installed on a laptop?
Windows is pre-installed!
What about a virus program / firewall program?
Is it recommendable?
Defender turned out pretty good, so all is well!
7zip
adobe acrobat
google earth
What Windows 10 has on board is quite neat. Actually, you don't need any external protection anymore.
Who needs Google Earth these days?
Leave Defender as an antivirus.
Office I think it's important to have a PDF reader, 7zip, Notepad ++, Paint.net/Gimp.
With my standard there would be a lot more, but you don't need something like Visual Studio.
Windows 10 has a pretty good virus protection built in. That together with a little common sense and healthy skepticism on the Internet and with e-mails is completely sufficient.
The other software you need naturally depends on how you use the PC. Simply installing any software without actually using it is just a good strategy for junking a PC and making it slower. On a new PC, I would start by uninstalling preinstalled programs that I don't need.
A firewall is not needed either?
A firewall is not needed either?
A firewall is integrated in Windows. This is also managed by Windows Defender.
The Windows Firewall has generally been around forever, without installing anything external.