I own the IdeaPad 330 from Lenovo with the specs:
i5 8250, UHD620 Graphics, 8gb DDR4, 2TB HDD
As you can see I only have one HDD which is quite large so I would keep it and use my Windows and important programs on an SSD. Can you retrofit this way, and especially then will the warranty be lost at Lenovo?
Or should I use an external SSD that I then connect to my laptop with USB C?
Depends on. If you bought it from a computer store you could have it upgraded. As soon as you screw on it yourself, the guarantee should be gone.
If there's an SSD compartment on the laptop, the guarantee will probably not be lost, but if you open the thing probably already. Often there are such guarantees somewhere that they must not be damaged.
If you are not Lenovo certified and unscrew the laptop, there's no longer a guarantee:-( You should also have a problem with the space. I don't think the SSD fits into the case in addition to the HD.
The solution with the external SSD should be the better choice.
Would it be better than my internal HDD and would it be advisable to use windows on the external one?