Got an 11 year old, used but relatively good laptop today.
Of course it's not up to date, can I somehow upgrade it to be like this one and if so how?
No - you would have to replace practically every part. A completely new device is definitely worth it instead.
Of course, but this is far more difficult with a laptop than with a PC. I would advise you to get a new one, as that is probably cheaper than if you rang it yourself.
11 years is way too old, throw it away.
No, it's not really worth it anymore. As a rule, laptops can hardly be upgraded anyway. As with most laptops, you can only swap the hard drive for a fast SSD and maybe even upgrade the RAM, if it is not soldered on.
But the old laptop doesn't get that much faster because the processor and the graphics chip slow everything down.
To cut a long story short: you better buy a new, up-to-date laptop because it would be faster than the old one.
With a laptop, you can only upgrade two things to get speed out: swap hard drive for SSD and install the RAM memory to the maximum, i.e. The maximum values that your notebook supports. Unfortunately, a laptop doesn't offer more options.