When I charge my smartphone to a charging cable that is connected to a socket, it takes a few hours for the battery to only charge, when I connect my smartphone to the laptop to charge it is faster and apparently some charging cables that are connected to the laptop also work Laptop connects faster than others to charge, who knows what's going on, is there any difference in the charging cable, which one charges the battery the fastest?
No, not all load at the same speed.
The following points primarily play a role:
Output power of the USB port
Transmission power of the selected cable
Input power of the smartphone