I would like to know which components are required for a laptop in order to use a CAD program smoothly and why.
It is important to have a good graphics card and above all a good CPU and sufficient RAM
Depends on the exact CAD.
I assume a CPU with 3 GHz, 16 GB RAM, for 3D stories then a GPU with at least 4 GB RAM. This is not so important for 2D. Plus, of course, a fast SSD.
AMD Ryzen 4th generation is recommended