Can I connect / connect a led strip powered by 3 normal batteries via a laptop power supply?
This is somewhat risky because a laptop has a power supply of about 14 to 18 V at the output, the LED bar but only 4.5 to 5 V needed. Thus you would have to switch voltage regulator in between. A necessary plug-in power supply that is operated from a socket, gets under 7 euro
https://www.pollin.de/p/stecker-schaltnetzteil-ktec-ksaa0500120w1eu-5-v-1-2-a-351445
No. Son laptop power supply usually has 19 to 24 volts. The LED chain 4,5 … What could be a mobile phone charger or something like 5 volts. I've already done that with various LED decoration candles…
and bob, my nightlight, that usually funzt with three minion cells, I've connected it with an old nokia power supply to the stream.
Alternatively to its own 5V power supply you could use the laptop power supply with a step-down converter, which is available from 1 euro incl shipping from China on Ebay. About the pot you could also adjust the brightness.