Why is the sound distorted through headphones?

My laptop plays the sound through the loudspeaker as normal.

But when I put the headphones in, the sound is distorted and quiet.

The more bass, the worse it is for the ears.

High notes and voices are understandable.

The headphones work with other devices.

I have already completely reinstalled Windows 10 with standard settings.

I have no idea about technology and I hope for expert tips.

What model, what audio chip, what KH? All things that nobody knows but are necessary to find answers…