Can a power supply bring more power?

If we look at a notebook, then it is connected to the socket and "throttles" the current, so to speak.

So only 19 volts come into the notebook, isn't it completely harmless? That means, theoretically, I could leave the notebook on the connector, unscrew it and even lick it.

Or am I wrong? Are there defects that are not due to the power supply and could cause the notebook to be electrocuted?

Counter question why should you do that? ^^

I thought to myself, what if something breaks so that you could get electrocuted from using it.

I would rather worry about the laptop… So that the electronics break. And I wouldn't try licking on 19V either. That would hurt a lot, even if it wasn't life-threatening. The tongue conducts electricity much better than the human skin on fingers…

The socket does not throttle anything. The external power supply unit supplies the voltage required by the notebook and since this is just as low, the design of the socket is sufficient.

19 volts are harmless to the skin, as the skin resistance in humans is so great that it only becomes dangerous from 50 - 60 volts.
It is different with damp hands, tongue or the like. Even lower tensions lead to painful touch, not death.
A small 9 volt block battery, for example, "tastes" pretty rough when you touch both poles with your tongue, but it is also an indication of a full battery ;-)

The power supply does not "throttle" the current, but converts it.
At the input there are 230 volts and an estimated 0.2-0.3 amps, at the output 19 volts and 2 to 3 amps.
You can see that the current is around 10 times higher and the voltage (volts) around 10 times lower and therefore harmless.
In addition, direct current comes out of the power supply unit, while sockets always supply alternating current.

So licking goes, it's just extremely uncomfortable…

Low voltage up to 50V is not fatal, but it is uncomfortable for humans.

The voltage is the cause and the flow of current is the effect of the voltage.

The higher the voltage, the higher the current (impact) can be.

The human body has a relatively high electrical resistance (1000 Ohm), so that the deadly current (~ 30mA) can't be reached at low voltages (current = voltage / resistance).

So you can lick your whole laptop wherever you want, it's just very uncomfortable, but not fatal. The power supply converts (~ reduces) the voltage from 230V to harmless 19V, so that a "leaking person" can never reach the dangerous limit of ~ 30mA current. That is the protective effect to prevent the dangerous current through humans.

Stun gun? Yes, they have 100,000V, but unfortunately these devices do not reach the dangerous current of 30mA either, because at the moment of contact the voltage collapses so strongly (to below 50V) because the stun gun can't reach / provide this 30mA at all. So here the stun gun protects by not creating the deadly current (this would be possible at 100,000V), ~ makes you limp!

Voltage does not flow!

The notebook doesn't "throttle" the power either. The notebook only needs a certain amount of electrical energy to work. So electrical energy is converted, it has nothing to do with current chokes.

Leaking the notebook while it is connected to the voltage would not be a good idea, as this could result in short circuits. Your spook is able to conduct electricity and otherwise it is not a good idea either.