Can I simply remove the hard drive in a laptop and reinstall it later?

I'm currently wondering whether I can simply remove the hard drive with installed Windows 10, replace it with a new one on which I would also install Windows 10 and then later reinstall the old hard drive without data loss or other problems?

Yes, this is possible without data loss or the like.

Yes of course.

So then I can 100% reinstall the old hard drive in the laptop and it works as if it was never replaced?

Actually, since only the hard drive is important and is therefore the heart of the laptop.

Yes and no. Problems can always arise, no one else can guarantee that.
However, not fundamentally through your project.

Yes.

The heart

The heart would rather be the power supply.

I would then keep the old hard drive safe and, if necessary, install it back into the same laptop because of the data. The data must not be on the laptop if I want to take it with me to school. Therefore a new hard drive and the question of the possibility of exchanging it without complications or loss of data. I have to be absolutely sure that our data will not be lost, otherwise I have to pay for the recovery.

Of course no problem. As long as nothing changes in the hardware…