Is this laptop component damaged?

It almost looks like it has melted. What is the name of the component and is it broken / damaged lol

This is Termo leit paste and nothing molten

This is just paste, which is intended for heat dissipation, it is not a hint on defects, etc.

That's the CPU or GPU.

It's just thermal paste, there's usually a heat sink on it!

This will be your processor (if necessary, the graphics chip) and the paste helps to dissipate the heat to the heat sink. Surfaces like metal are rough. The contact surface is therefore rather small points instead of a clean contact surface. This prevents heat transfer. The thermal paste settles in the gaps and closes them, so that the contact surface is larger and the heat can be better transferred to the heat sink. Befor you mount the heatpipes for heat dissipation again, you should make the CPU (GPU) and the heat pipe clean and apply new thermal grease. If you knock it out again, you probably get big temperature problems…

And beware! There's electrically conductive thermal grease that can cause electrical short circuits, so pay attention to which ones you buy and what comes into contact with them. Not that you make something with the new paste broken…

If the part was operated in this state (without heat sink) it could be broken now.

That is to be assumed

On the processor / graphics chip is just thermal grease. It's normal that it looks like that.